What Is The Role Of A Vacuum Furnace In The Solid-Phase Synthesis Of Tic/Cu? Master High-Purity Material Engineering

Learn how vacuum furnaces drive TiC/Cu synthesis by providing high-temperature reaction control and gas purification for superior composite purity.

Why Is A Precision Tube Furnace Required For Nitrogen-Doped Sioc Synthesis? Ensure Perfect Structural Integrity

Learn why precise heating rates and thermal plateaus in a tube furnace are critical for Nitrogen-doped Silicon Oxycarbide (SiOC) synthesis.

Why Is High-Purity Nitrogen Protection Necessary For Nickel Thin Films? Optimize Your Heat Treatment Results

Learn why vacuum control and high-purity nitrogen are vital to prevent oxidation and ensure pure nickel silicide formation in thin film processing.

What Is The Significance Of Nitrogen Flow In Bn@C Pyrolysis? Ensuring Material Purity & Reaction Stability

Learn why continuous nitrogen flow is essential for BN@C pyrolysis, preventing oxidation and removing volatile byproducts in tube furnaces.

Why Must Catalysts Undergo High-Temperature Pretreatment? Ensure Precise Co Oxidation Data With Kintek

Learn why 400°C nitrogen pretreatment is vital for catalyst decontamination, surface activation, and ensuring CO oxidation experiment accuracy.

Why Must A Tube Furnace Used For The Pyrolysis Of Tungsten-Based Nanocomposites Be Equipped With A Precision Gas Flow?

Learn how precision gas flow control prevents carbon oxidation and ensures the correct reduction of tungsten into high-performance carbides.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Tube Furnace In The Preparation Of Biochar? Master Precise Pyrolysis Controls

Learn how tube furnaces act as precision reactors for biochar, enabling controlled pyrolysis through atmospheric and thermal regulation.

How Does Substrate Preheating Equipment Affect The Formation And Distribution Of The Laves Phase In Inconel 718?

Learn how substrate preheating reduces Laves phase formation in Inconel 718 L-PBF by slowing cooling rates and minimizing Niobium segregation.

How Does Vacuum Level Control Affect Ceramic Sintering? Master High-Precision Material Performance

Learn how precise vacuum control in tube furnaces optimizes ceramic density, chemical purity, and phase formation while preventing oxidation.

What Types Of High-Temperature Laboratory Furnace Systems Are Available? Explore 5 Specialized Solutions

Discover the 5 main types of high-temp lab furnaces: Muffle, Tube, Rotary, Vacuum, and CVD systems, and learn how to choose the right one for your lab.

How Does A Tube Furnace Facilitate The Structural Stabilization Of Lignin? Mastering Lignin-To-Carbon Transformation

Learn how tube furnaces use controlled oxidation to transform lignin-based fibers from thermoplastic to thermoset for carbon fiber production.

How Does A Tube Furnace Facilitate The Activation Of Xylan-Derived Carbon Spheres? Precision Surface Engineering

Learn how tube furnaces enable the KOH activation of xylan-derived carbon spheres through inert atmosphere control and stepped heating protocols.

What Physical Conditions Are Provided By A Laboratory Tube Furnace For The Formation Of Crystalline Sb-Ge-Se Thin Films?

Learn how tube furnaces provide the 320°C-400°C thermal window and argon atmosphere required for high-quality Sb-Ge-Se thin film crystallization.

What Role Does High-Flow Nitrogen Play In Ito Thin Film Annealing? Protect Conductivity & Surface Purity

Learn how high-flow nitrogen prevents over-oxidation and removes impurities during ITO annealing in tube furnaces to ensure peak electrical performance.

What Is The Purpose Of Using An Industrial-Grade Tube Furnace For The Heat Treatment Of Copper Hydroxide Precursors?

Learn how tube furnaces enable precise dehydration of copper hydroxide into cuprous oxide through atmospheric control and 550°C thermal precision.

What Is The Role Of The Atmosphere Control System In A Program-Controlled Atmosphere Furnace? Master Precision And Protection

Discover how atmosphere control systems prevent oxidation, enable chemical reactions, and ensure repeatability in high-temperature material processing for labs and industries.

What Heating Method Is Proposed For The Vacuum Chamber? Efficient Direct Resistive Heating Explained

Learn about direct resistive heating in vacuum chambers using graphite fixtures for high-temperature efficiency and thermal management in industrial processes.

What Are The Limitations Of Vacuum Casting? Key Constraints For Prototyping And Low-Volume Production

Explore the key limitations of vacuum casting, including material restrictions, shrinkage, mold lifespan, and scalability issues for effective prototyping.

What Factors Must Be Controlled During Furnace Brazing To Ensure A Reliable Joint? Master The 5 Key Variables For Strong Bonds

Learn how to control materials, atmosphere, heating rate, temperature, and time in furnace brazing for durable, high-quality joints in industrial applications.

What Are The Four Main Types Of Controlled Atmospheres Used In These Furnaces? Optimize Your Heat Treatment Processes

Explore inert, reducing, carburizing, and neutral furnace atmospheres for precise material control in heat treatment, enhancing metallurgical outcomes.

What Are The Environmental Benefits Of Using Furnace Atmospheres? Reduce Emissions And Waste With Advanced Control

Discover how furnace atmospheres cut energy use, emissions, and hazardous waste in material processing for greener manufacturing and research.

What Gases Are Introduced Into The Box Type Annealing Atmosphere Furnace? Optimize Your Heat Treatment Process

Learn about nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, and ammonia decomposition gases used in box-type annealing furnaces to prevent oxidation and ensure material integrity.

What Are The Primary Inert Gases Used In Vacuum Furnaces? Optimize Your Heat Treatment Process

Discover the key inert gases—argon and nitrogen—for vacuum furnaces. Learn how they prevent oxidation, ensure purity, and control cooling for superior results.

How Do Atmosphere Control Systems Contribute To Furnace Operation? Unlock Precision And Quality In Material Processing

Learn how atmosphere control systems ensure precise gas management for repeatable results, safety, and advanced material synthesis in furnace operations.

How Does The Box Type Annealing Atmosphere Furnace Expand The Application Scope Of Materials? Unlock Advanced Material Processing

Learn how box-type annealing atmosphere furnaces enable precise control of atmosphere and temperature for advanced materials like alloys, semiconductors, and batteries.

What Material Is Used In A High Temperature Furnace? Selecting The Right Materials For Extreme Heat

Discover the key materials used in high-temperature furnaces, including Tungsten, Alumina, Zirconia, and high-temperature steel alloys, for optimal performance and durability.

What Additional Functionalities Does An Atmosphere Furnace Offer Compared To A Muffle Furnace? Unlock Advanced Material Processing

Discover how atmosphere furnaces enable precise gas control for oxidation prevention, material synthesis, and more, beyond basic heating.

What Role Do Cooling Systems Play In Retort Furnaces? Master Material Properties With Precision Cooling

Explore how retort furnace cooling systems control material microstructure, hardness, and ductility for consistent, high-quality heat treatment outcomes.

What Are The Benefits Of Controlled Heating And Cooling Rates In Sintering? Enhance Quality And Prevent Defects

Learn how controlled sintering rates prevent cracking, improve density, and optimize microstructure for better material performance and reliability.

How Does A Tubular Furnace Work? Achieve Precise, Uniform Heat For Your Lab

Learn how tubular furnaces provide controlled heating with uniform temperature for applications like annealing and CVD, enhancing lab efficiency and results.

What Role Does The Gas Management System Play In A 70Mm Tube Furnace? Essential For Precise Atmosphere Control

Learn how a gas management system in a 70mm tube furnace enables controlled atmospheres to prevent oxidation, enable reactions, and ensure repeatable results.

What Ensures Heating Uniformity In Box Type High-Temperature Resistance Furnaces? Achieve Consistent Thermal Processing

Learn how furnace structure, heating element placement, and circulating fans ensure ±5°C to ±10°C temperature uniformity for reliable high-temperature applications.

How Does Advanced Power Control Extend Heating Element Lifespan? Boost Efficiency And Cut Costs

Learn how advanced power control reduces thermal stress to extend heating element lifespan, ideal for SiC and MoSi2 elements in labs.

What Is The Difference Between A Muffle Furnace And A Tube Furnace? Choose The Right High-Temp Tool

Muffle vs. tube furnace: a guide to geometry, atmosphere control & application. Learn which furnace is right for your lab's heating process.

Why Is A Tube High-Temperature Furnace With Inert Gas Protection Required For Ti3Alc2? Expert Synthesis Guide

Learn why inert gas protection in tube furnaces is essential for Ti3AlC2 synthesis to prevent oxidation and ensure precise thermal control.

How Does A Tube Atmosphere Furnace Facilitate The Carbon Coating Modification Of Lmfp Materials? Optimize Conductivity

Learn how tube atmosphere furnaces enable precise carbon coating of LMFP materials through controlled pyrolysis and inert argon shielding.

How Vacuum Pumping Affects Zr2.5Nb Nitriding? Achieve Pure Zrn Surfaces In High-Temp Tube Furnaces.

Learn how deep vacuum cycling prevents oxidation and enables the formation of high-quality ZrN ceramic layers on Zr2.5Nb alloys.

What Is The Technical Value Of Using An Industrial-Grade Tube Furnace For Titania Nanotubes? Enhance Crystal Performance

Learn how industrial tube furnaces optimize titania nanotube crystallization through precise phase transformation and heterojunction engineering.

How Does The Heating Rate Control Of A Tube Furnace Affect G-C3N4? Master Precise Thermal Polycondensation

Learn how a 10 °C/min heating rate in a tube furnace ensures high crystallinity and structural regularity during g-C3N4 thermal polycondensation.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Tube Furnace In G-C3N4 Synthesis? Achieve Precise Thermal Polycondensation

Learn how tube furnaces enable g-C3N4 synthesis through controlled thermal polycondensation, precise ramp rates, and 550°C calcination.

What Role Does An Industrial-Grade High-Temperature Tube Furnace Play In The Two-Step Pyrolysis Of Fe–Mn–N–C? Optimize Synthesis

Learn how tube furnaces enable precise carbonization and anchoring of Fe–Mn–N–C catalysts through controlled high-temperature pyrolysis and reduction.

What Role Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Play In Lignin Carbonization? Precision Heating For Porous Carbon

Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable precise carbonization and activation of lignin-based carbon through thermal and atmosphere control.

What Physical Conditions Does A Tube Furnace Provide For Core-Shell Catalysts? Precision Reduction & Smsi Control

Learn how tube furnaces provide controlled reducing atmospheres and thermal energy to drive SMSI and encapsulate core-shell catalyst architectures.

Why Is An Auxiliary Gas Supply Device Required For Oil Sludge Pyrolysis? Ensure Stable Thermal Balance

Learn why auxiliary gas is essential for oil sludge pyrolysis systems to maintain thermal stability and 800°C temperatures during startup.

How Does A High-Precision Tube Sintering Furnace Contribute To The Crystal Structure Formation Of Li3-3Xscxsb?

Learn how precision tube sintering at 1143 K drives Sc-ion substitution to stabilize the high-performance cubic phase of Li3-3xScxSb electrolytes.

How Does The Temperature Control Program Of A Tube Furnace Affect Nisse Nanocrystal Formation? Optimize Your Synthesis

Learn how multi-stage heating in a tube furnace regulates reaction kinetics and grain growth to produce high-performance NiSSe nanocrystals.

Why Is The Heat Treatment Process Using A Tube Furnace Essential In The Preparation Of Mn7Co3Ce1Ox Catalysts?

Learn how 400°C tube furnace heat treatment engineers type-II heterojunctions and enhances redox activity in Mn7Co3Ce1Ox photothermal catalysts.

What Is The Primary Role Of A Tube Furnace In The Evaluation Of Cable Material Smoke Acidity? Achieve Precise Testing

Learn how tube furnaces enable cable material smoke acidity evaluation through precise thermal decomposition and controlled gas liberation.

What Technical Advantages Does A Three-Zone Tube Furnace Offer For Crsb? Master Precision Crystal Engineering

Discover how three-zone tube furnaces enable precise temperature gradients (750°C-650°C) for superior CrSb crystal growth and fewer defects.

What Are The Key Steps In The Operation Of A Vacuum Chamber? Master The Process For Precision Control

Learn the four essential steps to operate a vacuum chamber: sealing, evacuation, monitoring, and process execution for reliable scientific and industrial applications.

Why Must High-Purity Nitrogen Be Used For Biochar Activation? Ensure Carbon Integrity And Pore Development

Learn why high-purity nitrogen is critical for biochar activation in tube furnaces to prevent combustion and maximize surface area formation.

What Are The Technical Advantages Of Using A Three-Zone Tube Furnace? Boost Snse Thin Film Quality

Learn how three-zone tube furnaces outperform single-zone systems in SnSe thin film growth through precise thermal gradients and decoupling controls.

How Does A Circulating Water Cooling System Contribute To The Stable Operation Of High-Temp Vacuum Furnaces? | Kintek

Learn how circulating water cooling safeguards vacuum seals, prevents structural deformation, and accelerates annealing cycles in high-temp furnaces.

How Are Vacuum Furnaces Classified Based On Temperature? Find The Right Furnace For Your Heat Treatment Needs

Learn how vacuum furnaces are categorized by temperature (low, medium, high) and their applications in materials processing, from annealing to advanced research.

What Material Limitations Do Vacuum Furnaces Have? Avoid Contamination And Ensure Process Purity

Learn about vacuum furnace material limits, including outgassing risks for high vapor pressure elements like zinc and lead, and how to choose the right furnace.

What Are The Common Quenching Methods Used In Vacuum Furnaces? Optimize Your Heat Treatment Process

Explore gas and oil quenching in vacuum furnaces: compare cooling rates, cleanliness, and distortion control for better metallurgical outcomes.

What Are The Temperature-Related Precautions For Using A Vacuum Furnace? Ensure Safety And Longevity In Your Lab

Learn key temperature precautions for vacuum furnaces, including limits, monitoring, and cycle management to prevent damage and ensure safety.

Why Is It Necessary To Use A Tube Furnace For Air Oxidation Of The 3D Copper Framework? Master Lithiophilic Interfaces

Learn why a tube furnace is critical for converting 3D copper frameworks from lithiophobic to lithiophilic for high-performance composite anodes.

What Role Does A High-Temperature Furnace Play In Cspbcl3-Msn Synthesis? Mastering Thermal Encapsulation

Learn how high-temperature furnaces facilitate in-situ crystallization and pore collapse to seal CsPbCl3 nanocrystals within MSN composites.

What Is The Role Of A Benchtop Tube Furnace In The Preparation Of Corn Stover Biochar? Optimize Pyrolysis Precision

Learn how benchtop tube furnaces enable precise corn stover biochar production through anaerobic heating, pore engineering, and thermal regulation.

Why Is 800 °C Required For Ln-Mop@C Phosphorization? Unlock Superior Catalyst Engineering

Discover why 800 °C is the critical thermodynamic key for Ln-MoP@C synthesis, enabling phosphorus release and lanthanide lattice integration.

How Does The Positioning Of The Substrate Within A Tube Furnace Affect The In-Situ Growth Of Snse2 And Snse?

Learn how substrate positioning in a tube furnace controls phase selection between SnSe2 and SnSe by utilizing natural temperature gradients.

How Does A Precision Temperature-Controlled Annealing Furnace Influence The Grain Size Of Twip Steel?

Learn how precision temperature-controlled annealing furnaces regulate recrystallization to achieve high-strength 10μm grain sizes in TWIP steel.

Why Is An Industrial-Grade Tube Furnace Essential For Reducing Srmo1−Xmnxo4? Master Sofc Anode Synthesis

Learn why a tube furnace is critical for SrMo1−xMnxO3−δ perovskite reduction, ensuring precise 1050 °C control and cubic phase transformation.

Why Use A Tube Furnace For Tio2–Tin/S Heat Treatment? Achieve Perfect Sulfur Infusion And Purity

Learn why tube furnaces are essential for the TiO2–TiN/S melt-diffusion process, offering inert atmosphere control and precise thermal regulation.

What Are The Advantages Of Using A High-Temperature Tube Furnace For Rgo Sensor Fabrication? Precision & Performance

Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enhance rGO sensor fabrication through precise atmosphere control and defect engineering.

What Core Environmental Conditions Does A Laboratory Tube Furnace Provide For Mos2 Sulfurization? Master 750 °C Synthesis

Learn how tube furnaces provide stable 750 °C heat, precise Ar flow, and vacuum control to create high-quality Molybdenum Disulfide (MoS2) crystals.

How Is A Tubular Furnace Utilized In The Homogenization Annealing Of Ti-20Zr Alloys? Precision Thermal Profiles

Learn how tubular furnaces eliminate segregation in Ti-20Zr alloys through 1000°C homogenization to balance strength and corrosion resistance.

Why Is A Precision Temperature Control Tube Furnace Necessary For Cnt And Aln Synthesis? Ensure Vertical Alignment

Discover why precision temperature control is critical for CNT/AlN synthesis, ensuring vertical orientation and maximizing thermal conductivity.

What Role Does A Tube Furnace Play In The Growth Of Epitaxial Thin Films Via Pad? Essential Guide To Precision Growth

Learn how tube furnaces enable epitaxial thin film growth through controlled polymer decomposition and high-temperature crystallization in PAD.

What Is The Role Of Industrial-Grade Vacuum Furnaces In In718 Heat Treatment? Unlock Superior Alloy Performance

Learn how vacuum and atmosphere furnaces optimize IN718 through precise homogenization, solution treatment, and aging cycles.

What Role Does A Tube Furnace Play In Evaluating Modified Birnessite Catalysts? Optimize Voc Degradation Activity

Learn how tube furnaces provide precise thermal control for evaluating dimethylamine degradation activity in modified birnessite catalysts.

How Do Structured Computational Grids Facilitate The Simulation Of Complex Geometric Boundaries? Master Furnace Design

Learn how structured grids and specific coordinate systems enhance simulation accuracy for high-temperature furnace fluid flow and heat exchange.

What Is The Purpose Of Annealing Prepared Thin Films In An Argon Environment? Optimize Structure & Prevent Oxidation

Learn how argon annealing in tube furnaces transforms amorphous thin films into stable polycrystalline structures while preventing chemical degradation.

How Does An Industrial High-Temperature Tube Furnace Control Crystallization Quality? Master Lisco2:Cr3+ Synthesis

Learn how tube furnaces regulate heating rates, dwell times, and vacuum levels to optimize LiScO2:Cr3+ crystallization and luminescence efficiency.

How Does A Benchtop Tube Furnace Ensure The Quality Of Silicon Nitride Green Bodies? Master Debinding Precision

Learn how precise linear heating and air circulation in a benchtop tube furnace prevent defects during Si3N4 green body debinding.

What Function Does The Annealing Treatment In A High-Temperature Quartz-Tube Furnace Serve? Optimizing Glass Ceramics

Learn how annealing in quartz-tube furnaces enables crystallization, densification, and stress relief in glass-ceramic waveguide manufacturing.

How Does A Tube Furnace Contribute To The Accuracy Of Microplastic Thermal Decomposition? Ensure Pyrolysis Precision

Learn how tube furnaces enhance microplastic decomposition accuracy through precise temperature control and strict atmospheric management.

What Role Does A Drop Tube Furnace (Dtf) Play In Large-Scale Wheat Straw Combustion? Unlock Industrial Performance Data

Learn how Drop Tube Furnaces (DTF) simulate industrial boiler conditions to analyze wheat straw combustion kinetics and alkali metal release.

What Role Does A Tube Furnace Play In The Preparation Of Biochar-Filled Pvc Composite Precursors? Expert Synthesis Guide

Learn how tube furnaces enable precise pyrolysis at 900°C in an inert nitrogen atmosphere to create porous biochar for PVC composite reinforcement.

Why Is A Tube Furnace Utilized For The Heat Treatment Of S/C Composite Cathode Materials? Optimize Battery Stability

Learn how tube furnaces use melt-diffusion at 155°C to lock sulfur in carbon pores, suppressing the shuttle effect and enhancing battery performance.

Why Is A Tube Furnace Equipped With A Nitrogen Environment Necessary For Biochar? Achieve Precise Pyrolysis Control

Learn why nitrogen-equipped tube furnaces are essential for biochar production by preventing combustion and enabling controlled thermal pyrolysis.

Why Is A High-Vacuum Ultra-High Temperature Annealing Furnace Required For Studying Deformed Tungsten Single Crystals?

Discover why 2400°C temperatures and high-vacuum environments are essential for purifying tungsten crystals and preventing oxidation during study.

What Is The Function Of A Tube Furnace In The Thermal Oxidation Of Ti6Al4V Alloy? Enhance Hardness & Wear Resistance

Learn how tube furnaces facilitate oxygen diffusion and TiO2 layer growth in Ti6Al4V alloys to prevent galling and enhance surface hardness.

Why Is A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Used For Sncb Preparation? Optimize Nitrogen-Doped Porous Carbon Synthesis

Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces enable two-stage pyrolysis for SNCB, ensuring precise thermal control and an oxygen-free environment.

How Does A Laboratory High-Temperature Tube Resistance Furnace Contribute To The Aging Treatment Of Ni-W-Co-Ta Alloys?

Learn how tube furnaces enable precise aging of Ni-W-Co-Ta alloys by controlling Ni4W phase precipitation through stable 700°C isothermal heating.

Why Are Specific Heating Pulses Applied When Monitoring Molten Metal Surface Oscillations? Unlock Material Insights

Learn how heating pulses excite surface oscillations in molten metal to calculate surface tension and viscosity through non-contact analysis.

How Does Sintering Atmosphere Affect Aluminum Matrix Composites? Optimize Hardness And Thermal Conductivity

Learn how choosing between nitrogen and vacuum atmospheres impacts the density, hardness, and thermal properties of aluminum matrix composites.

What Are The Standard Operating Conditions For A High-Temperature Tube Furnace? Master The Carbonization Phase

Learn the ideal thermal profile, ramp rates, and argon atmosphere settings for carbonizing carbon-sulfur precursors at 800 °C.

What Are The Primary Functions Of A Tube Furnace In The Thermal Pre-Treatment Research Of Aluminum Alloy Powder?

Learn how tube furnaces simulate industrial conditions, regulate airflow, and ensure safety through controlled oxidation of aluminum alloy powder.

Why Is A Tube Furnace Or Box Furnace With Atmosphere Control Required For Debinding Sic? Ensure Structural Integrity

Learn why precise atmosphere control is vital for debinding 3D-printed SiC to prevent oxidation and ensure safe, crack-free binder pyrolysis.

What Is The Role Of A Tube Furnace In The Preparation Of Ferromagnetic Mos2? Master Defect Engineering & Magnetism

Learn how tube furnaces induce ferromagnetism in MoS2 through thermal decomposition, sulfur vacancy creation, and precise structural optimization.

What Functions Do High Vacuum Pumping Systems And Tube Furnaces Serve? Enhancing Amorphous Ribbon Performance

Learn how high vacuum systems and tube furnaces isolate iron-based amorphous ribbons from oxidation while controlling nanostructural evolution.

What Role Does A Box-Type High-Temperature Furnace Play In Sc Material Desulfurization? Optimize Carbonization Cycles

Learn how box-type furnaces enable stepped thermal polycondensation and desulfurization to create stable, microporous sulfur-carbon anode materials.

What Is The Function Of A Controlled Atmosphere Furnace For Zn-Sic Sintering? Ensure Superior Inert Metal Bonding

Learn how continuous argon flow prevents zinc oxidation and enables metallurgical bonding in Zn-SiC composite sintering at 350°C.

Why Is A Controlled Atmosphere Furnace Required For 316L Debinding? Ensure Structural Integrity & Zero Cracks

Learn how controlled atmosphere furnaces prevent cracking and defects during 316L stainless steel debinding through precise thermal management.

What Are The Advantages Of An Atmosphere Protection Box Furnace? Achieve Scale-Free, High-Precision Metal Annealing

Learn how atmosphere protection furnaces prevent oxidation and decarburization during metal annealing, saving time on post-processing and pickling.

How Does A High-Temperature Tube Furnace Facilitate Fe-Nx-C Electrocatalyst Formation? Expert Synthesis Insights

Learn how high-temperature tube furnaces drive thermodynamic integration and atmosphere control to create stable Fe-Nx active catalytic sites.

What Is The Function Of An Industrial-Grade Tube Furnace? Mastering Expanded Graphite (Eg) Calcination

Learn how industrial-grade tube furnaces use argon atmospheres and thermal shock at 750°C to create high-porosity expanded graphite for LTO embedding.

What Is The Significance Of The Slow Cooling Process In A High-Temperature Tube Furnace? Master Tmd Synthesis Quality

Learn why slow cooling is vital for repairing crystal defects and achieving high crystallinity in TMD synthesis using a high-temperature tube furnace.