The chemical formula of molybdenum disilicide is MoSi₂, with a molar mass of 152.11 g/mol. This compound is widely used as a high temperature heating element due to its exceptional properties, including a high melting point, moderate density, and good electrical conductivity. Its ability to form a protective silicon dioxide layer at high temperatures makes it particularly valuable in oxidizing environments, though it has limitations in creep resistance above 1200°C and brittleness at lower temperatures.
Key Points Explained:
-
Chemical Formula and Molar Mass
- MoSi₂: The formula indicates one molybdenum (Mo) atom bonded to two silicon (Si) atoms.
- Molar Mass (152.11 g/mol): Calculated as:
- Molybdenum (Mo) = 95.95 g/mol
- Silicon (Si) = 28.09 g/mol × 2 = 56.18 g/mol
- Total = 95.95 + 56.18 = 152.11 g/mol
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Primary Applications
- Heating Elements: Preferred for furnaces and industrial heating due to its stability up to 1800°C.
- Oxidation Resistance: Forms a protective SiO₂ layer at high temperatures, ideal for oxidizing atmospheres.
- Heat Shields: Used in aerospace for high-emissivity coatings during atmospheric re-entry.
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Manufacturing Methods
- Sintering: The conventional process for producing dense MoSi₂.
- Plasma Spraying: Enables rapid cooling, sometimes resulting in β-MoSi₂, a metastable phase.
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Performance Considerations
- High-Temperature Limits: Loses creep resistance above 1200°C, restricting prolonged use in certain applications.
- Brittleness: Requires careful handling at lower temperatures to avoid fractures.
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Comparative Advantages
- Outperforms many metals and ceramics in extreme heat but balances conductivity and durability.
- The SiO₂ passivation layer reduces degradation, extending lifespan in oxidative environments.
For purchasers, understanding these properties ensures optimal selection for high-heat applications, balancing performance with operational constraints. Would the brittleness or creep resistance be a critical factor in your specific use case?
Summary Table:
| Property | Detail |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | MoSi₂ |
| Molar Mass | 152.11 g/mol |
| Key Applications | Heating elements, aerospace coatings, oxidation-resistant environments |
| Temperature Limit | Stable up to 1800°C; creep resistance declines above 1200°C |
| Manufacturing | Sintering, plasma spraying (may yield metastable β-MoSi₂) |
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